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The Definitive Guide to Django: Web Development Done...

The Definitive Guide to Django: Web Development Done RightTitoloThe Definitive Guide to Django: Web Development Done Right
AutoreHolovaty, Adrian ; Kaplan-Moss, Jacob
Prezzo
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€ 30,13   Spedizioni gratuite in Italia
(Prezzo € 35,45 Risparmio € 5,32)
CategoriaComputers: Software Development & Engineering
RilegaturaPaperback
Dati447 p.; ill.
Anno2007
EditoreApress
Normalmente disponibile per la spedizione entro 4/5 settimane

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Descrizione
Django, the Python-based equivalent to the Ruby on Rails Web development framework, is presently one of the hottest topics in Web development today. Now, Holovaty--one of Django's creators--and Django lead developer Kaplan-Moss show how they use this framework to create award-winning Web sites.

Indice e argomenti trattati
About the Authorsxxvii
About the Technical Reviewerxxviii
Acknowledgmentsxxix
Introductionxxxi
PART 1 Getting Started
Introduction to Django
3
What Is a Web Framework?
3
The MVC Design Pattern
5
Django's History
6
How to Read This Book
7
Required Programming Knowledge
8
Required Python Knowledge
8
New Django Features
8
Getting Help
9
What's Next?
9
Getting Started
11
Installing Python
11
Installing Django
11
Installing an Official Release
11
Installing Django from Subversion
12
Setting Up a Database
13
Using Django with PostgreSQL
13
Using Django with SQLite 3
14
Using Django with MySQL
14
Using Django Without a Database
14
Starting a Project
14
The Development Server
15
What's Next?
16
The Basics of Dynamic Web Pages
17
Your First View: Dynamic Content
17
Mapping URLs to Views
18
How Django Processes a Request
21
How Django Processes a Request: Complete Details
22
URLconfs and Loose Coupling
23
404 Errors
23
Your Second View: Dynamic URLs
24
A Word About Pretty URLs
25
Wildcard URLpatterns
25
Django's Pretty Error Pages
28
What's Next?
30
The Django Template System
31
Template System Basics
31
Using the Template System
33
Creating Template Objects
33
Rendering a Template
34
Multiple Contexts, Same Template
36
Context Variable Lookup
37
Playing with Context Objects
40
Basic Template Tags and Filters
40
Tags
40
Filters
46
Philosophies and Limitations
47
Using Templates in Views
48
Template Loading
49
render_to_response()
52
The locals() Trick
53
Subdirectories in get_template()
53
The include Template Tag
54
Template Inheritance
54
What's Next?
58
Interacting with a Database: Models
59
The ``Dumb'' Way to Do Database Queries in Views
59
The MTV Development Pattern
60
Configuring the Database
62
Your First App
64
Defining Models in Python
65
Your First Model
66
Installing the Model
68
Basic Data Access
71
Adding Model String Representations
72
Inserting and Updating Data
73
Selecting Objects
74
Filtering Data
75
Retrieving Single Objects
76
Ordering Data
76
Chaining Lookups
77
Slicing Data
78
Deleting Objects
78
Making Changes to a Database Schema
79
Adding Fields
79
Removing Fields
81
Removing Many-to-Many Fields
82
Removing Models
82
What's Next?
82
The Django Administration Site
83
Activating the Admin Interface
83
Using the Admin Interface
85
Users, Groups, and Permissions
90
Customizing the Admin Interface
91
Customizing the Admin Interface's Look and Feel
93
Customizing the Admin Index Page
93
When and Why to Use the Admin Interface
94
What's Next?
94
Form Processing
95
Search
95
The ``Perfect Form''
98
Creating a Feedback Form
98
Processing the Submission
101
Custom Validation Rules
103
A Custom Look and Feel
103
Creating Forms from Models
105
What's Next?
106
Advanced Views and URLconfs
107
URLconf Tricks
107
Streamlining Function Imports
107
Using Multiple View Prefixes
109
Special-Casing URLs in Debug Mode
109
Using Named Groups
110
Understanding the Matching/Grouping Algorithm
112
Passing Extra Options to View Functions
112
Using Default View Arguments
117
Special-Casing Views
118
Capturing Text in URLs
119
Determining What the URLconf Searches Against
119
Including Other URLconfs
120
How Captured Parameters Work with include()
121
How Extra URLconf Options Work with include()
121
What's Next?
122
PART 2 Django's Subframeworks
Generic Views
125
Using Generic Views
125
Generic Views of Objects
127
Extending Generic Views
128
Making ``Friendly'' Template Contexts
128
Adding Extra Context
129
Viewing Subsets of Objects
130
Complex Filtering with Wrapper Functions
131
Performing Extra Work
131
What's Next?
133
Extending the Template Engine
135
Template Language Review
135
RequestContext and Context Processors
136
django.core.context_processors.auth
140
django.core.context_processors.debug
140
django.core.context_processors.i18n
140
django.core.context_processors.request
141
Guidelines for Writing Your Own Context Processors
141
Inside Template Loading
141
Extending the Template System
142
Creating a Template Library
142
Writing Custom Template Filters
144
Writing Custom Template Tags
145
Shortcut for Simple Tags
150
Inclusion Tags
151
Writing Custom Template Loaders
152
Using the Built-in Template Reference
154
Configuring the Template System in Standalone Mode
154
What's Next?
155
Generating Non-HTML Content
157
The Basics: Views and MIME Types
157
Producing CSV
158
Generating PDFs
159
Installing ReportLab
160
Writing Your View
160
Complex PDFs
161
Other Possibilities
162
The Syndication Feed Framework
162
Initialization
163
A Simple Feed
164
A More Complex Feed
165
Specifying the Type of Feed
167
Enclosures
167
Language
168
URLs
168
Publishing Atom and RSS Feeds in Tandem
168
The Sitemap Framework
169
Installation
169
Initialization
170
Sitemap Classes
170
Shortcuts
171
Creating a Sitemap Index
172
Pinging Google
173
What's Next?
174
Sessions, Users, and Registration
175
Cookies
175
Getting and Setting Cookies
176
The Mixed Blessing of Cookies
177
Django's Session Framework
178
Enabling Sessions
178
Using Sessions in Views
179
Setting Test Cookies
180
Using Sessions Outside of Views
181
When Sessions Are Saved
181
Browser-Length Sessions vs. Persistent Sessions
182
Other Session Settings
182
Users and Authentication
183
Enabling Authentication Support
184
Using Users
184
Logging In and Out
186
Limiting Access to Logged-in Users
188
Limiting Access to Users Who Pass a Test
189
Managing Users, Permissions, and Groups
190
Using Authentication Data in Templates
193
The Other Bits: Permissions, Groups, Messages, and Profiles
193
Permissions
193
Groups
194
Messages
195
Profiles
196
What's Next?
196
Caching
197
Setting Up the Cache
198
Memcached
198
Database Caching
199
Filesystem Caching
199
Local-Memory Caching
200
Simple Caching (for Development)
200
Dummy Caching (for Development)
200
Cache_Backend Arguments
200
The Per-Site Cache
201
The Per-View Cache
202
Specifying Per-View Cache in the URLconf
203
The Low-Level Cache API
203
Upstream Caches
204
Using Vary Headers
205
Other Cache Headers
207
Other Optimizations
208
Order of Middleware_Classes
208
What's Next?
208
Other Contributed Subframeworks
209
The Django Standard Library
209
Sites
210
Scenario 1: Reusing Data on Multiple Sites
210
Scenario 2: Storing Your Site Name/Domain in One Place
211
How to Use the Sites Framework
211
The Sites Framework's Capabilities
212
CurrentSiteManager
215
How Django Uses the Sites Framework
216
Flatpages
216
Using Flatpages
217
Adding, Changing, and Deleting Flatpages
218
Using Flatpage Templates
219
Redirects
219
Using the Redirects Framework
220
Adding, Changing, and Deleting Redirects
220
CSRF Protection
221
A Simple CSRF Example
221
A More Complex CSRF Example
221
Preventing CSRF
222
Form Tools
223
django.contrib.formtools.preview
223
Using FormPreview
224
Humanizing Data
225
apnumber
225
intcomma
225
intword
225
ordinal
226
Markup Filters
226
What's Next?
226
Middleware
227
What's Middleware?
227
Middleware Installation
228
Middleware Methods
229
Initializer:___init___(self)
229
Request Preprocessor: process_request(self, request)
229
View Preprocessor: process_view(self, request, view, args, kwargs)
229
Response Postprocessor: process_response(self, request, response)
230
Exception Postprocessor: process_exception(self, request, exception)
230
Built-in Middleware
230
Authentication Support Middleware
231
``Common'' Middleware
231
Compression Middleware
232
Conditional GET Middleware
232
Reverse Proxy Support (X-Forwarded-For Middleware)
232
Session Support Middleware
232
Sitewide Cache Middleware
233
Transaction Middleware
233
``X-View'' Middleware
233
What's Next?
233
Integrating with Legacy Databases and Applications
235
Integrating with a Legacy Database
235
Using inspectdb
235
Cleaning Up Generated Models
236
Integrating with an Authentication System
237
Specifying Authentication Back-Ends
237
Writing an Authentication Back-End
237
Integrating with Legacy Web Applications
239
What's Next?
240
Extending Django's Admin Interface
241
The Zen of Admin
242
``Trusted users ...''
242
``... editing ...''
242
``... structured content''
243
Full Stop
243
Customizing Admin Templates
243
Custom Model Templates
244
Custom JavaScript
245
Creating Custom Admin Views
246
Overriding Built-in Views
249
What's Next?
249
Internationalization
251
Specifying Translation Strings in Python Code
252
Standard Translation Functions
252
Marking Strings As No-op
253
Lazy Translation
253
Pluralization
254
Specifying Translation Strings in Template Code
254
Creating Language Files
256
Creating Message Files
256
Compiling Message Files
258
How Django Discovers Language Preference
258
The set_language Redirect View
260
Using Translations in Your Own Projects
261
Translations and JavaScript
262
The javascript_catalog View
262
Using the JavaScript Translation Catalog
263
Creating JavaScript Translation Catalogs
263
Notes for Users Familiar with gettext
264
What's Next?
264
Security
265
The Theme of Web Security
265
SQL Injection
266
The Solution
266
Cross-Site Scripting
267
The Solution
268
Cross-Site Request Forgery
269
Session Forging/Hijacking
269
The Solution
270
Email Header Injection
271
The Solution
271
Directory Traversal
271
The Solution
272
Exposed Error Messages
273
The Solution
273
A Final Word on Security
273
What's Next?
273
Deploying Django
275
Shared Nothing
276
A Note on Personal Preferences
278
Using Django with Apache and mod_python
278
Basic Configuration
279
Running Multiple Django Installations on the Same Apache Instance
280
Running a Development Server with mod_python
280
Serving Django and Media Files from the Same Apache Instance
281
Error Handling
281
Handling a Segmentation Fault
282
Using Django with FastCGI
282
FastCGI Overview
282
Running Your FastCGI Server
283
Using Django with Apache and FastCGI
284
FastCGI and lighttpd
285
Running Django on a Shared-Hosting Provider with Apache
287
Scaling
288
Running on a Single Server
288
Separating Out the Database Server
289
Running a Separate Media Server
289
Implementing Load Balancing and Redundancy
290
Going Big
292
Performance Tuning
293
There's No Such Thing As Too Much RAM
293
Turn Off Keep-Alive
293
Use Memcached
294
Use Memcached Often
294
Join the Conversation
294
What's Next?
294
PART 3 Appendixes
APPENDIX A Case Studies
297
Cast of Characters
297
Why Django?
299
Getting Started
299
Porting Existing Code
300
How Did It Go?
300
Team Structure
302
Deployment
303
APPENDIX B Model Definition Reference
305
Fields
305
Field Name Restrictions
305
AutoField
306
BooleanField
306
CharField
306
CommaSeparatedlntegerField
306
DateField
306
DateTimeField
307
EmailField
307
FileField
307
FilePathField
308
FloatField
308
ImageField
309
IntegerField
309
IPAddressField
309
NullBooleanField
309
PhoneNumberField
309
PositiveIntegerField
309
PositiveSmallIntegerField
309
SlugField
309
SmallIntegerField
310
TextField
310
TimeField
310
URLField
310
USStateField
310
XMLField
310
Universal Field Options
310
null
310
blank
311
choices
311
db_column
312
db_index
312
default
312
editable
312
help_text
312
primary_key
312
radio_admin
312
unique
313
unique_for_date
313
unique_for_month
313
unique_for_year
313
verbose_name
313
Relationships
314
Many-to-One Relationships
314
Many-to-Many Relationships
316
Model Metadata Options
317
db_table
317
db_tablespace
318
get_latest_by
318
order_with_respect_to
318
ordering
318
permissions
319
unique_together
319
verbose_name
320
verbose_name_plural
320
Managers
320
Manager Names
320
Custom Managers
321
Model Methods
323
___str___
324
get_absolute_url
324
Executing Custom SQL
325
Overriding Default Model Methods
326
Admin Options
326
date_hierarchy
326
fields
327
js
328
list_display
328
list_display_links
330
list_filter
330
list_per_page
331
list_select_related
331
ordering
331
save_as
331
save_on_top
331
search_fields
332
APPENDIX C Database API Reference
333
Creating Objects
334
What Happens When You Save?
334
Autoincrementing Primary Keys
334
Saving Changes to Objects
335
Retrieving Objects
336
Caching and QuerySets
337
Filtering Objects
337
Chaining Filters
338
Limiting QuerySets
339
Query Methods That Return New QuerySets
339
QuerySet Methods That Do Not Return QuerySets
343
Field Lookups
346
exact
346
iexact
347
contains
347
icontains
347
gt, gte, It, and Ite
348
in
348
startswith
348
istartswith
348
endswith and iendswith
348
range
348
year, month, and day
349
isnull
349
search
349
The pk Lookup Shortcut
349
Complex Lookups with Q Objects
350
Related Objects
351
Lookups That Span Relationships
351
Foreign Key Relationships
352
``Reverse'' Foreign Key Relationships
352
Many-to-Many Relationships
354
Queries over Related Objects
355
Deleting Objects
355
Extra Instance Methods
356
get_FOO_display()
356
get_next_by_FOO(**kwargs) and get_previous_by_FOO(**kwargs)
356
get_FOO_filename()
357
get_FOO_url()
357
get_FOO_size()
357
save_FOO_file(filename, raw_contents)
357
get_FOO_height() and get_FOO_width()
357
Shortcuts
357
get_object_or_404()
357
get_list_or_404()
358
Falling Back to Raw SQL
358
APPENDIX D Generic View Reference
359
Common Arguments to Generic Views
359
``Simple'' Generic Views
360
Rendering a Template
360
Redirecting to Another URL
360
List/Detail Generic Views
361
Lists of Objects
361
Detail Views
363
Date-Based Generic Views
365
Archive Index
365
Year Archives
367
Month Archives
368
Week Archives
370
Day Archives
371
Archive for Today
372
Date-Based Detail Pages
373
Create/Update/Delete Generic Views
375
Create Object View
375
Update Object View
377
Delete Object View
378
APPENDIX E Settings
379
What's a Settings File?
379
Default Settings
380
Seeing Which Settings You've Changed
380
Using Settings in Python Code
380
Altering Settings at Runtime
380
Security
381
Creating Your Own Settings
381
Designating the Settings: Django_Settings_Module
381
The django-admin.py Utility
381
On the Server (mod_python)
382
Using Settings Without Setting Django_Settings_Module
382
Custom Default Settings
383
Either configure() or Django_Settings_Module Is Required
383
Available Settings
383
Absolute_URL_Overrides
383
Admin_For
384
Admin_Media_Prefix
384
Admins
384
Allowed_Include_Roots
384
Append_Slash
384
Cache_Backend
385
Cache_Middleware_Key_Prefix
385
Database_Engine
385
Database_Host
385
Database_Name
385
Database_Options
385
Database_Password
385
Database_Port
386
Database_User
386
Date_Format
386
Datetime_Format
386
Debug
386
Default_Charset
386
Default_Content_Type
387
Default_From_Email
387
Disallowed_User_Agents
387
Email_Host
387
Email_Host_Password
387
Email_Host_User
387
Email_Port
387
Email_Subject_Prefix
388
Fixture_Dirs
388
Ignorable_404_Ends
388
Ignorable_404_Starts
388
Installed_Apps
388
Internal_Ips
388
Jing_Path
388
Language_Code
389
Languages
389
Managers
389
Media_Root
389
Media_URL
390
Middleware_Classes
390
Month_Day_Format
390
Prepend_WWW
390
Profanities_List
390
Root_Urlconf
390
Secret_Key
391
Send_Broken_Link_Emails
391
Serialization_Modules
391
Server_Email
391
Session_Cookie_Age
391
Session_Cookie_Domain
391
Session_Cookie_Name
391
Session_Cookie_Secure
392
Session_Expire_At_Browser_Close
392
Session_Save_Every_Request
392
Site_ID
392
Template_Context_Processors
392
Template_Debug
392
Template_Dirs
393
Template_Loaders
393
Template_String_If-Invalid
393
Test_Runner
393
Test_Database_Name
393
Time_Format
393
Time_Zone
393
URL_Validator_User_Agent
394
Use_Etags
394
Use_I18N
394
Year_Month_Format
394
APPENDIX F Built-in Template Tags and Filters
395
Built-in Tag Reference
395
block
395
comment
395
cycle
395
debug
396
extends
396
filter
396
firstof
396
for
397
if
397
ifchanged
399
ifequal
399
ifnotequal
399
include
400
load
400
now
400
regroup
402
spaceless
403
ssi
403
templatetag
403
url
404
widthratio
404
Built-in Filter Reference
405
add
405
addslashes
405
capfirst
405
center
405
cut
405
date
406
default
406
default_if_none
406
dictsort
406
dictsortreversed
406
divisibleby
406
escape
407
filesizeformat
407
first
407
fix_ampersands
407
floatformat
407
get_digit
408
join
408
length
408
length_is
408
linebreaks
409
linebreaksbr
409
linenumbers
409
ljust
409
lower
409
make_list
409
phone2numeric
410
pluralize
410
pprint
410
random
410
removetags
410
rjust
411
slice
411
slugify
411
stringformat
411
striptags
411
time
411
timesince
412
timeuntil
412
title
412
truncatewords
412
truncatewords_html
412
unordered_list
413
upper
413
urlencode
413
urlize
413
urlizetrunc
414
wordcount
414
wordwrap
414
yesno
414
APPENDIX G The django-admin Utility
415
Usage
415
Available Actions
416
adminindex [appname appname ...]
416
createcachetable [tablename]
416
dbshell
416
diffsettings
416
dumpdata [appname appname ...]
417
flush
417
inspectdb
417
loaddata [fixture fixture ...]
417
reset [appname appname ...]
419
runfcgi [option]
419
runserver [optional port number, or ipaddr:port]
419
shell
420
sql [appname appname ...]
420
sqlall [appname appname ...]
420
sqlclear [appname appname ...]
420
sqlcustom [appname appname ...]
420
sqlindexes [appname appname ...]
420
sqlreset [appname appname ...]
420
sqlsequencereset [appname appname ...]
421
startapp [appname]
421
startproject [projectname]
421
syncdb
421
test
421
validate
421
Available Option
421
--settings
421
--pythonpath
422
--format
422
--help
422
--indent
422
--noinput
422
--noreload
422
--version
423
--verbosity
423
--adminmedia
423
APPENDIX H Request and Response Objects
425
HttpRequest
425
QueryDict Objects
427
A Complete Example
428
HttpResponse
429
Construction HttpResponses
429
Setting Headers
429
HttpResponse Subclasses
430
Returning Errors
430
Customizing the 404 (Page Not Found) View
431
Customizing the 500 (Server Error) View
432
Index433

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