| Preface | | v | |
| |
| | 1 | |
| | 4 | |
| Solution Thermodynamics of Electrolyte Solutions |
| | 11 | |
| | 17 | |
| | 17 | |
| | 18 | |
| | 18 | |
| Relations Among the Three Laws of Electrostatics |
| | 18 | |
| | 23 | |
| Solution of the Poisson Equation and the Debye Screened Potential |
| | 24 | |
| The Debye-Huckel Thermodynamics |
| | 30 | |
| | 31 | |
| | 32 | |
| Pitzer's Formulation for Electrolytes |
| | 39 | |
| Pitzer's Correlation for Activity Coefficients |
| | 39 | |
| Example Calculation with Pitzer's Correlation |
| | 41 | |
| Pitzer's Correlation for 2-2 Electrolytes |
| | 44 | |
| The Statistical Mechanics of Electrolytes |
| | 49 | |
| Basic Statistical Mechanics |
| | 49 | |
| Derivation of the Debye-Huckel Theory from Statistical Mechanics |
| | 52 | |
| Electrostatic Internal Energy from Statistical Mechanics |
| | 55 | |
| The Dielectric Constants of Solvent |
| | 56 | |
| The molecular-based formulas |
| | 56 | |
| The permittivity of mixed solvents |
| | 57 | |
| Ions as Charged Hard Spheres: The Mean Spherical Approach |
| | 61 | |
| The Mean Spherical Approach |
| | 61 | |
| The McMillan-Mayer and Lewis-Randall Scales |
| | 73 | |
| The Thermodynamic Route of Scale Conversion |
| | 77 | |
| | 79 | |
| | 80 | |
| Proof of equation (8.1.18) |
| | 82 | |
| The Kirkwood-Buff Solution Theory in Scale Conversion |
| | 84 | |
| Multi-Solvent Electrolyte Solutions: Setchenov's Salting-Out Principle |
| | 89 | |
| | 89 | |
| | 90 | |
| | 90 | |
| The Taylor Expansion of the Activity Coefficients |
| | 93 | |
| The Gibbs-Duhem Relation for Multi-Solvent Systems |
| | 95 | |
| The Kirkwood-Buff Solution Theory for Multi-Solvent Systems |
| | 98 | |
| Ionic Distributions: An Integral Equation Approach |
| | 103 | |
| | 103 | |
| The Ornstein-Zernike Integral Equations and their Closures |
| | 104 | |
| The Numerical Solution Methods |
| | 107 | |
| Successive substitutions-Picard's method |
| | 108 | |
| Successive substitutions-in Fourier space |
| | 112 | |
| Renormalization/Optimization of the direct correlation c (r) |
| | 113 | |
| The Hypernetted Chain Closure |
| | 116 | |
| The Behavior of the Bridge Function for Molten Salts |
| | 123 | |
| Characterization of the Bridge Function |
| | 127 | |
| Development of a theory for the bridge functions |
| | 127 | |
| Renormalized bridge functions |
| | 134 | |
| Isothermal Compressibility and Moment Rules |
| | 139 | |
| Isothermal compressibility |
| | 139 | |
| The zeroth moment condition: The electroneutrality |
| | 140 | |
| The second moment condition |
| | 140 | |
| The Electric Double Layers |
| | 143 | |
| | 143 | |
| The Poisson-Boltzmann Equation |
| | 145 | |
| | 146 | |
| The linear Gouy-Chapman equation |
| | 147 | |
| The sum rules for electrolytes at EDL |
| | 147 | |
| The electric field at the wall |
| | 147 | |
| The Contact value theorem |
| | 148 | |
| | 149 | |
| Linear Gouy-Chapman equation---with boundary conditions |
| | 150 | |
| Nonlinear Gouy-Chapman equation |
| | 151 | |
| | 153 | |
| | 156 | |
| Beyond the Poisson-Boltzmann Theory |
| | 159 | |
| Ornstein-Zernike based integral equations |
| | 159 | |
| | 160 | |
| The Wertheim-Lovett-Mou-Buff equations |
| | 160 | |
| | 161 | |
| | 162 | |
| The potential of mean force |
| | 163 | |
| | 163 | |
| The zero-separation theorem |
| | 164 | |
| The DLVO interaction potential |
| | 165 | |
| | 167 | |
| Application: Absorption Refrigeration with Electrolytes |
| | 173 | |
| | 173 | |
| The Absorption Refrigeration Cycle |
| | 173 | |
| The Energy Balances in the Absorption Cycle |
| | 176 | |
| The individual equipment energy balance |
| | 176 | |
| The coefficient of performance, COP |
| | 177 | |
| The Thermodynamic Formulas for Enthalpy Calculation |
| | 178 | |
| The Efficiencies and Enthalpies in Absorption Cycle |
| | 182 | |
| Enthalpies and vapor pressures of electrolyte solutions |
| | 182 | |
| The coefficients of performance |
| | 185 | |
| Application: Amine Solution in Acid Gas Treating |
| | 189 | |
| | 189 | |
| Overview of Acid Gas Treating |
| | 190 | |
| | 190 | |
| Amine solutions and chemical reactions |
| | 193 | |
| The Thermodynamic Framework |
| | 196 | |
| | 198 | |
| | 200 | |
| The activity coefficients of ions |
| | 201 | |
| The activity coefficients of neutual species---UNIFAC |
| | 201 | |
| Practical Calculations for Acid Gas Vapor Pressures |
| | 206 | |
| Results of Amine Based Acid Gas Treating |
| | 209 | |
| | 210 | |
| The speciation in amine solutions |
| | 215 | |
| The heat of solution of acid gases |
| | 216 | |
| Hydrocarbon solubility in amine solutions |
| | 218 | |
| Remarks on Other Acid Gas Treating Chemicals |
| | 219 | |
| | 223 | |
| Appendix I Pitzer's Parameters for Electrolyte Solutions |
| | 224 | |
| Appendix II The Pauling Crystalline Radii |
| | 231 | |
| Appendix III The Dielectric Constants of Selected Liquids Solvents |
| | 232 | |
| Appendix IV Experimental Mean Activity Coefficiens of NaCl & KOH Solutions |
| | 234 | |
| Appendix V Experimental Data of Acid Gas in Amine Solutions |
| | 236 | |
| Bibliography | | 243 | |
| Index | | 249 | |
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