Illegal Waste Management Activity in the Process of Bunker Fuel Production: A Criminological Case Study of Corporate Environmental Crime and Its Enforcement

Wherever you are right now, there’s a good chance that an object in your vicinity is connected to the stories told in this book. The phone in your pocket, the chair you’re sitting on, or the shirt you’re wearing – they likely travelled to you on a large container ship, which burned bunker fuel. Alternatively, petroleum-based substances were likely used in their production, which involved the generation of waste oils. We rarely talk about waste oils or bunker fuel, yet they are essential to our modern existence. They are also dangerously intertwined: waste oils are systematically blended into bunker fuel at the cost of our health and that of our planet. These activities violate international and EU law. In the Netherlands, they are criminal offences. Also in the Netherlands, unique efforts have been made to fight these crimes. This book draws on never-before used data on both crimes and enforcement to shed light on this murky world. Whether you are professionally or privately engaged in contrasting corporate crime or environ mental harm, this book can enhance your perspective and toolset.