The Subthalamic Nucleus: Part I: Development, Cytology, Topography and Connections

di Enrico Marani (Autore)

Tjitske Heida (Autore)

Egbert A. J. F. Lakke (Autore)

Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG, 2008

1 Introduction 1.1 Hemiballism Hemiballism or hemichorea is a rare neurological disorder, but the crucial invol- ment of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in its pathophysiology has been app- ciated for decades (Jakob 1923; Martin 1927; Glees and Wall 1946; Whittier and Mettler 1949; Carpenter and Carpenter 1951; Crossman 1987). Only recently have serious doubts come forward. Postuma and Lang (2003) have described the STN as being involved in only a minority of cases, and indicated unrecognized causes such as non-ketotic hyperosmolar hyperglycaemia and complications of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections. Moreover, the crucial involvement of a lesion of the STN is in doubt (Guridi and Obeso 2001; Postuma and Lang 2003). On the other hand, idiopathic Parkinson's disease (Battistin et al. 1996; Usunoff et al. 2002) is a common neurodegenerative disorder, but the key role of the STN in the pathophysiological origin of the parkinsonian state has become evident only recently (Miller and DeLong 1987; Mitchell et al. 1989; Bergman et al. 1990, 1994; Hollerman and Grace 1992; Guridi et al. 1993; Parent and Hazrati 1995b; Hassani et al. 1996; Levy et al. 1997, 2002; Blandini et al. 2000; Hirsch et al. 2000; Ni et al.

• Autore: Enrico Marani, Tjitske Heida, Egbert A. J. F. Lakke
• Editore: Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG
• Collana: Advances in Anatomy, Embryology and Cell Biology
• Anno: 2008
• Rilegatura: Paperback / softback
• Pagine: 117 p.
• Dimensioni: 235 x 155 mm
• EAN: 9783540794592

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